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Abstract We use the known surface boulder-size distribution of the C-type rubble pile asteroid Ryugu (NEA 162173) to determine its macroporosity, assuming it is a homogeneous granular aggregate. We show that the volume-frequency distribution of its boulders, cobbles, and pebbles, is well-represented by a lognormal function withσ= 2.4 ± 0.1 andμ= 0.2 ± 0.05. Application of linear-mixture packing theory yields a value for the macroporosity ofϕ= 0.14 ± 0.04. Given its low bulk density of 1.19 gm cm⁻³, this implies an average density for Ryugu’s rocks of 1.38 ± 0.07 gm cm⁻³throughout its volume, consistent with a recent determination for surface boulders based on their thermal properties. This supports the spectrum-based argument that interplanetary dust particles may be the best analog material available on Earth, and it suggests that high-density, well-lithified objects such as chondrules and chondrule-bearing chondrites may be rare on Ryugu. Implications of this result for the origin of chondrules, a long-standing problem in cosmochemistry, are discussed. We propose that chondrules and most chondrites formed together in rare lithification events, which occurred during the accretion of chondritic envelopes to large, differentiated planetesimals at a time when they were still hot from²⁶Al decay.